In a major step towards advancing its renewable energy strategy, Oman’s OQ Gas Networks (OQGN) has announced plans to develop a dedicated hydrogen pipeline network by 2030. This ambitious project aligns with the Sultanate’s efforts to establish itself as a leader in the green energy sector.
The hydrogen pipeline network will span 300 to 400 kilometers, with the final investment decision expected by 2027. The approval for funding the project will come by 2027, as reported in the company’s 2024 annual report. OQGN intends to take a phased approach, beginning with regional pipelines that will eventually expand into a comprehensive national network.
OQGN’s new hydrogen pipeline will play a crucial role in supporting eight consortiums currently working on green hydrogen projects in the Al Wusta and Dhofar governorates of Oman. These projects are part of Oman’s broader vision to become a global player in the production and export of clean hydrogen.
In collaboration with Hydrom, Oman’s state-run hydrogen company, OQGN will focus on the technical aspects of this hydrogen pipeline system. Last year, the company conducted a study to better understand the complexities of developing hydrogen infrastructure and its commercialization.
The pipeline project is part of a broader strategic initiative by OQGN, which also includes the development of a carbon dioxide (CO₂) transport network. This network will connect emission sources to storage and utilization sites, with some CO₂ being stored underground for carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects. Other CO₂ volumes will be used as feedstock for industries such as fertilizers, desalination, and enhanced oil recovery in upstream oil and gas operations.
Oman’s hydrogen initiatives have been gaining momentum in 2023. One of the standout projects, the HyDuqm Green Hydrogen Project, led by a consortium of France’s Engie and South Korea’s Posco, is expected to attract between $7 billion and $8 billion in investments to reach full capacity.
In addition, Oman recently signed an official agreement to develop a liquefied hydrogen corridor for exports to Europe, marking a significant step toward the country’s hydrogen export ambitions. The announcement was first made during COP28 in Dubai in December 2023.
The Hydrogen Rainbow Explained
Hydrogen can be classified into different types based on how it is produced. Here’s a breakdown of the various “colors” of hydrogen:
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Green Hydrogen: Produced in a carbon-neutral process using water electrolysis, powered by renewable energy sources.
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Turquoise Hydrogen: Created by breaking down natural gas into hydrogen and solid carbon through methane pyrolysis.
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Blue Hydrogen: Generated using steam methane reforming from natural gas, with the carbon emissions captured and stored.
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Grey Hydrogen: Produced from fossil fuels such as natural gas or coal using steam reforming, without carbon capture.
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Red, Pink, and Violet Hydrogen: These types are produced through electrolysis driven by nuclear power.
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Yellow Hydrogen: Produced from a mix of renewable energies and fossil fuels.
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White Hydrogen: A byproduct of other chemical processes, while brown hydrogen comes from using coal as a fuel source.
These projects, combined with Oman’s growing hydrogen capabilities, reinforce the country’s commitment to renewable energy and global sustainability goals.